Motorcycle Safety Essay

Motorcycles don’t posses many safety features that protect their rider. A car contains seat belts, airbags, four wheels for stability, and more; these are important features that help reduce accident and fatality rates. These issues only add to the main problem which is the drivers themselves, I am talking about both motorcycle rider and automobile driver. These two figures represent the majority of those on the streets, they are either inexperienced drivers or to comfortable with their driving habits and lack the attention needed to avoid situations that can arise quickly. Motorcycle safety is something not only riders need to be taught but other motorists as well; educating the population can not only reduce accidents but save lives. â€Å"Motorcycle rider deaths were nearly 30 times more than drivers of other vehicles† (D. O. T 7). Figures like this present an insight into the continuing problem represented by motorcycles. â€Å"Motorcycle accidents continue to be a growing problem as of 2008 5,290 were killed as a result of motorcycle accidents which is an increase of %2 over 2007† (Motorcycle Safety Foundation 4). Though the issue continues to grow, there is much to be done to put down the problem and save lives. The main issue is from the start, riders need much more rigorous training. Today you only take a computer or written test for a permit, which states you’re not allowed to ride at night or on the interstate but still allows you to ride during the day by yourself. You could get one of these permits with no riding experience what so ever, this is completely unacceptable for our society. Then to obtain your license you do a course test on your bike, where you weave through some cones and make a u turn and that’s it you can ride when ever where ever. â€Å"Adding injury to insult, helmet laws vary by state some don’t require one period some after 18 and so on† (Snyder 1). In Arizona after your 18th birthday coupled with the little safety experience the rider may have if any, one can ride around no helmet no experience. Three-fourths of motorcycle accidents involved collision with another vehicle. The majority of accidents involve both parties colliding in some fashion. In two-thirds of accidents the driver of the other vehicle violated the motorcycle right-of-way and caused the accident. This points out that in the 66% of accidents that occur it’s the automobiles fault for impeding the motorcycles path of travel. This only proves the motorists should be required to achieve the same level of knowledge on motorcycle safety as the riders themselves should be. These types of situations could have been avoided had there been mandated requirements for some type of instruction and coaching on the subject of safety when it comes to handling the presence of a motorcycle. I’m trying to show that the main cause of accidents are such minor mistakes that a simple class that addresses these issue might help prevent at least one accident from occurring. The issue is not a complicated one, people don’t pay attention and accidents happen. The worst of all the situations is when both parties are attempting to pass through an intersection. Intersections are the most likely place for the motorcycle accident, with the other vehicle violating the motorcycle right of way, and often violating traffic controls. It most often happens when the automobile is making a left turn at the intersection and as the motorcycle is coming through the auto fails yield to the oncoming rider forcing the motorcycle to T bone the car. This is the top reported design of most accident scenes nationwide, and this is something so simple to avoid for if these drivers had been involved actively in a motorcycle safety course they would know about this fact and how important it is to apply a little more attention when dealing with intersections. This is not only important to the driver of a car but the rider of the bike would also know this fact and adhere to it so when approaching every intersection the rider would exercise extreme caution to avoid injury. During these courses teachers can take the opportunity to stress the importance of safety equipment and clothing, this includes everything from head to toe. All safety equipment is important but it’s widely agreed the most important is the helmet. Unhelmeted motorists are 29 percent less likely to survive a crash and 40 percent more likely to die from a head. It’s suggested that a rider purchase a full-face helmet, one that completely covers the rider’s entire face and head There is activity among city officials to try and spread the word about safety; the city’s Transportation Department will work with the Governor’s Office of Highway Safety to blanket automobile and motorcycle drivers with safety pamphlets. It’s this kind of action that is needed to start a bigger campaign on the growing issue, though it is a start tougher legislation is needed to help mandate courses for all motorists in an effort to reduce the increase in accidents as well as fatality rates among riders. It is belief that through educating the driving population we can make serious cuts in the accident and fatality rates. The drivers of cars and trucks are the main target for they hold the majority share of causing accidents with motorcycles, the safety of both parties needs to addressed for they both need education on how to keep the road ways safe because if one life is saved it’s a victory. For my sources I used lot of research and data from the Motorcycle safety foundation and the D. O. T along with other various groups that are involved in motorcycle safety and I also got some of my material from 3 different Arizona Republic articles that addressed motorcycles and safety.

Great Wall of China

The Rise and Fall of China's Great Wall The rise and fall of China's Great Wall: the race to save a world treasure – Special Report Current Events, Sept 27, 2002 Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl. net. It's free! Save it. MADE OF BRICK, STONE, and dirt, the Great Wall twists and turns across China's landscape like a giant dragon. It seems to rise out of the sea at Bo Hal gulf, a place known to local people as Laolongtou, or â€Å"the old dragon's head. † The wall then stretches across the plains, crawls along the sides of mountains and scales their peaks as it spans the Asian countryside.This ancient wonder, built entirely by hand, often overwhelms visitors. On a trip to the wall in 1909, French scholar Auguste Gilbert de Voisins said, â€Å"Nothing stops it, nothing gets in its way; seeing it at this point, one might believe it to be eternal. † Today, however, neglect, misuse, and modernization threaten the giant dragon. Al though the wall once stretched nearly 4,000 miles across China's northern border, only about 1,500 miles of China's Great Wall remain. The rest has fallen apart and disappeared. This year, the World Monuments Fund placed the Great Wall on its list of 100 Most Endangered Sites.The group hopes to protect what's left of the wall and to encourage the Chinese government and others to save the historic structure. According to a World Monuments Fund report, â€Å"[The wall] was built to protect China; now China must protect it. † The Great Wall of Qin China's Great Wall didn't start out so great. Begun nearly 2,300 years ago, the structure was a series of small fortifications. As early as 600 B. C. , people in China built small walls around their homes and cities for protection. Soldiers guarded the gates around the city walls during the day and swung the gates shut at night.During the Warring States period (475-221 B. C. ), leaders struggling for control of China built walls around entire kingdoms. Soldiers occupied forts and towers on the wall and fought to protect the borders of the independent states. In 221 B. C. , Qin Shi Huangdi unified the kingdoms and became the first emperor of China. Qin Shi Huangdi gave orders to build the chang cheng, or â€Å"long wall,† to protect China from northern nomads who were trying to invade China. Laborers built the wall by joining walls constructed earlier and extending the length of the wall to nearly 3,100 miles.With the help of General Meng Tian, Qin Shi Huangdi ordered 800,000 men–soldiers, prisoners, and peasants–to build the wall. Where stones were plentiful, workers used stones to build parts of the wall. Where stones were scarce, workers used dirt. To build the wall, laborers dug up large amounts of dirt and carried it to the wall. The workers then piled dirt into wooden frames about 6 inches deep. They used wooden instruments to pound the dirt until it became a solid mass. This process was repeated until the wall reached a desired height.Workers then moved the wooden frames to the next section of the wall and began the process again. According to legend, Qin Shi Huangdi condemned workers to death for making the slightest construction errors. Today, few traces of the Qin wall remain. After Qin Shi Huangdi's death in 210 B. C. , workers abandoned the wall and it eventually crumbled into ruins. The Ming Fortress Nearly all of Qin Shi Huangdi's successors built walls along China's northern frontier. The fortifications, however, never fully protected China from invasion.During the early 13th century, Genghis Khan, leader of the Mongols, a nomad group from the north, united several nomad armies and conquered much of Asia. In 1279, Genghis Khan's grandson, Kubilai Khan, overthrew the Chinese emperor and established the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368). The Yuan emperors did not maintain the old wall or build a new one, so the wall began to fall into ruins. After Khan died in 1227, a Chinese farmer named Zu Yuanzhang led a rebel army and helped overthrow the last Yuan emperor. When Zu Yuanzhang seized power, he established the Ming dynasty (1368-1644).Zu and his successors decided to rebuild China's Great Wall, which lay mostly in ruins, to keep the Mongols from returning to reconquer China. For nearly 200 years, thousands of workers toiled away on the Ming wall–reinforcing the Great Wall with bricks and stone. The Ming wall eventually blocked mountain passes that Mongol soldiers had used to invade China. When Mongol tribes attacked the wall, Chinese soldiers alerted others by lighting signal fires. When guards from a signal tower saw the fire, they built another fire, passing the warning along the wall.The number of smoke plumes and cannon shots fired indicated to Chinese soldiers how many enemy soldiers were approaching. The Ming government taxed the people of China heavily to pay for construction of the Great Wall. In 1644, the Manchus, a nomad tribe from northeast of Peking, helped rebels overthrow the Ming rulers and started the next era in Chinese history–the Qing dynasty. During the Qing dynasty, Manchu forces drove out Mongol invaders and extended China's border farther north beyond the Great Wall. The wall no longer protected China's border, so construction stopped and soldiers abandoned the fortresses.The Wall At Risk Today, Chinese officials warn that the Great Wall is once again under attack. But this time the wall is not in danger from invaders. Instead local people and tourists alike threaten the wall. Dong Yaohui, head of the Great Wall Society of China, recently persuaded a local government to levy a fine on residents in a small village after they demolished part of the wall to obtain bricks for new houses. And in 1999, officials in the autonomous region of Nei Monggol (once called Inner Mongolia) plowed through the Great Wall to build a highway. Nature has also taken its toll.At the wall's western end, dese rt sandstorms have worn down much of China's great wonder. Dong Yaohui said, â€Å"Saving the Great Wall is now the most urgent task facing our country. Its splendor must be rebuilt. † Preservationists also argue that commercial developers are destroying the aesthetic beauty of China's Great Wall. Developers have turned parts of the wall into a tourist destination. Visitors to the wall at the Badaling section near Beijing can take one of five cable cars to the top of the wall, bungee-jump off a section of the wall, paraglide along the wall, or ride a toboggan down the mountain.William Lindesay, an Englishman living in China, organized a group to protect and preserve what is left of the wall. Lindesay's group, the International Friends of the Great Wall, works with local villagers to pick up garbage along the wall and make sure the wall is protected from vandals. â€Å"The wall is in grave, grave danger,† Lindesay said. The Chinese government also hopes to protect the n ational treasure. Officials in Beijing are considering legislation that, if passed, would convict anyone caught littering or defacing the Great Wall to a jail term of up to seven years.Arthur Waldron, a historian, wrote, â€Å"Whatever the future brings, the image of the wall †¦ as a symbol of China †¦ seems bound to endure. † Get Talking Ask students: why do you think the Great Wall of China was built? What is the approximate length of the wall? What might have been some of the challenges faced by the wall's builders? What might the wall be threatened today? Background The Great Wall is among the most popular tourist destinations in China, along with the Forbidden City in Beijing, and the Terra Cotta Warriors at Xi'an.Qin Shi Huangdi (the first emperor of China) unified the nation of China and built the first Great Wall. After Qin Shi Huandi died, he was buried in a tomb with an army of terra cotta warriors and horses at Xi'an. In 1974, Qin Ski Huangdi's tomb was d iscovered by a group of archaeologists. During the Qin Dynasty–when the first Great Wall was built–workers toiled for ten years to build the wall, at a rate of about 25 miles per month. Portions of the wall have been rebuilt during the past century–including the section of the wall at Badaling, near China's capital of Beijing. Many myths surround China's Great Wall.One of the most prevalent is that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure visible from the Moon. However, according to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), â€Å"The Great Wall can barely be seen from the Shuttle, so it would not be possible to see it from the Moon with the naked eye. † Doing More After students have read the story, ask them to research other sites listed as endangered by the World Monuments Fund. What are the biggest threats to those sites? Why are the sites considered important? When students have finished gathering the information, have them presen t their findings to the class.

New Example Final Exam Table

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 1 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 07/05/2013 TUESDAY 1 Session 09:00 AM Code IBB42303 IED11203 IFD30104 IMD21503 Name COMPUTER VISION PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS CCNA 4:WAN TECHNOLOGY WEB DESIGN Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 20 – 35 44 – 50 13 – 35 1 – 19 1 – 50 6 – 12 1 – 50 5-5 1 – 85 1 – 37 1-1 1 – 50 38 – 50 36 – 43 2 – 50 Total 16 7 23 19 50 7 50 1 85 37 1 50 13 8 49 16 1805/06 7 1007/08 23 1007/08 69 1805/06 1807/08 IMD21603 INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MIIT L01 7 1007/08 2007/08 INB24302 PROJECT MANAGEMENT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 1 1007/08 WBB10202 INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 122 Level29 2005/06 L02 64 2406/07 2404/05 2005/06 L03 57 1007/08 2406/07 Total 2 02:00 PM IAB40803 PORTFOLIO DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT MIIT L01 416 5 1807/08 44 – 48 5 UNIVERSITI KUALA L UMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 2 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 07/05/2013 TUESDAY 2 Session 02:00 PM Code IGB30303 Name CYBER LAW Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 20 1 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 48 21 – 50 85 – 85 49 – 50 33 – 58 59 – 84 1 – 50 1-7 8 – 36 37 – 50 1 – 31Total 20 50 50 48 30 1 2 26 26 50 7 29 14 31 120 2007/08 1805/06 2005/06 L02 78 2404/05 2007/08 IGD20103 IGD20302 IGD21302 IMB11703 ITD10103 MATHEMATICS 3 MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNOLOGIES 3 TECHNICAL MATHEMATICS 3 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 1 2 Level29 1807/08 26 Level29 26 Level29 57 2406/07 805/06 L02 L03 29 805/06 45 805/06 807/08 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 3 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 07/05/2013 TUESDAY 2 Session 02:00 PM C ode ITD10903 Name C# PROGRAMMING Institute MIITGroup L01 L02 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 47 48 – 50 1 – 48 32 – 50 49 – 49 49 – 50 1 – 32 Total 47 3 48 19 1 2 32 47 1007/08 51 1007/08 1005/06 L03 22 807/08 2404/05 1005/06 ITD21003 JAVA PROGRAMMING MIIT L01 Total 32 Level29 541 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 4 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 08/05/2013 WEDNESDAY 3 Session 09:00 AM Code IBB21103 IBB42703 ICB41303 IDB40203 Name SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS PATTERN RECOGNITION PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR E-COMMERCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 L01 Tot. Stud. VenueSeat 1 – 30 47 – 50 49 – 50 1 – 50 1-5 1 – 50 6 – 85 1-1 26 – 47 1 – 50 1-9 31 – 42 48 – 50 Total 30 4 2 50 5 50 80 1 22 50 9 12 3 30 2406/07 4 2 2404/05 2406/07 105 1807/08 Level29 1805/06 L02 81 Level29 1007/08 IEB20503 IFD20703 INTRODUCTION TO FINANCE UNIX PROGRAMMING MIIT MIIT L01 L01 22 1007/08 59 2005/06 2404/05 IKB41203 IKB41303 ADVANCED CYBER FORENSICS PROJECT MANAGEMENT FOR INFORMATION SECURITY SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 12 2406/07 3 1007/08 ISB41403 MIIT L01 6 2406/07 43 – 48 6 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 5 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule FinalSemester January 2013 Date 08/05/2013 WEDNESDAY 3 Session 09:00 AM Code Name Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 50 1 – 11 2-8 12 – 50 10 – 46 15 – 15 1 – 45 1 – 28 46 – 50 9 – 14 29 – 50 Total 50 11 7 39 37 1 45 28 5 6 22 WEB10302 FUNDAMENTAL ENGLISH 61 2007/08 807/08 L02 46 1007/08 807/08 L03 WQD10102 TECHNICAL MATHEMATICS 1 WQD10103 TECHNICAL MATHEMATICS 1 MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L02 37 2404/05 1 1007/08 45 1005/06 33 805/06 1005/06 L03 28 1007/08 805/06 Total 4 02:00 PM IBB12503 ICB46703 IFD2080 2 ELECTROMAGNETICS FOR ENGINEERS SECURITY FOR ECOMMERCE PROJECT MANAGEMENT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 75 12 1807/08 4 1807/08 1 – 12 19 – 22 25 – 36 1 – 50 23 – 50 35 – 49 37 – 40 12 4 12 50 28 15 4 62 2007/08 805/06 IGB22302 IMB20803 INB24203 INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMETRICS WEB-BASED AUTHORING JAVA PROGRAMMING MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 28 1807/08 15 807/08 4 2007/08 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 6 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 08/05/2013 WEDNESDAY 4 Session 02:00 PM Code INB47302 INB47303 INB47703 ISB16003 Name REAL-TIME SYSTEM REAL-TIME SYSTEM DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIITGroup L01 L01 L01 L01 L02 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 34 – 45 46 – 49 13 – 18 1 – 42 43 – 85 1 – 19 1 – 24 1 – 34 1 – 50 1 – 10 11 – 24 Total 12 4 6 42 43 19 24 34 50 10 14 12 1007/08 4 6 1007/08 1807/08 42 Level29 62 Level29 1007/08 L03 ISB41203 ITD21203 REUSE AND COMPONENTBASED DEVELOPMENT ASP. NET WEB PROGRAMMING MIIT MIIT L01 L01 24 2406/07 34 807/08 60 1805/06 2007/08 L02 Total 14 2007/08 383 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 7 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 09/05/2013 THURSDAY 5 Session 09:00 AM Code IBB42203 INB35403 INB47605Name CRYPTOGRAPHY NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING NETWORK TROUBLESHOOTING Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 22 – 46 81 – 85 48 – 49 47 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 23 1 – 31 32 – 80 1 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 11 12 – 50 1 – 21 1 – 39 40 – 50 1 – 21 22 – 46 1 – 47 Total 25 5 2 4 50 23 31 49 50 50 11 39 21 39 11 21 25 47 25 807/08 5 Level29 56 2007/08 807/08 2404/05 ISB42603 ITD21103 ADVANCED PROGRAMMING VISUAL BASIC. NET PROGRAMMING MII T MIIT L01 L01 L02 23 2005/06 31 Level29 49 Level29 111 1005/06 1007/08 805/06 WBB10102 TECHNOPRENEURSHIP MIIT L01 L02 60 805/06 807/08 WQD10203 TECHNICAL MATHEMATICS 2 MIITL01 L02 39 1805/06 32 1805/06 1807/08 L04 L05 Total 25 1807/08 47 2007/08 503 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 8 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 09/05/2013 THURSDAY 6 Session 02:00 PM Code IBB12304 IFD20104 INB30503 ISB30503 Name ELECTRIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS CCNA2: ROUTER CONFIGURATION ALGORITHM AND DATA STRUCTURES DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 32 – 45 1 – 31 46 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 39 1 – 34 40 – 50 35 – 50 31 – 41 1 – 56 57 – 85 1 – 30 Total 14 31 5 50 39 34 11 16 11 56 29 30 4 1007/08 31 1007/08 5 1007/08 89 1807/08 1805/06 L02 45 2007/08 1805/06 L03 27 2007/08 807/08 WED10302 FOUNDATION ENGLISH M IIT L01 L02 56 Level29 59 Level29 807/08 Total 326 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 9 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 10/05/2013 FRIDAY 7 Session 09:00 AM Code ICB10103 Name INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS Institute MIIT Group L01 L02 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 38 1 – 19 39 – 50 40 – 47 41 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 12 47 – 50 34 – 50 85 – 85 84 – 84 1-7 13 – 50 59 – 83 21 – 39 8 – 40 1 – 33 31 – 58Total 38 19 12 8 10 50 12 4 17 1 1 7 38 25 19 33 33 28 38 2005/06 31 Level29 2005/06 IEB30403 ECONOMICS OF INNOVATION & ENTREPRENEURSHIP CCNA 3:LAN TECHNOLOGY MIIT L01 18 1005/06 1007/08 IFD20504 MIIT L01 62 805/06 807/08 IGB13203 INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS MIIT L01 22 2404/05 2406/07 Level29 IGB30602 IGD10703 TECHNOLOGY VENTURE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP FUNDAMENTALS OF ACCOUNTING MIIT MIIT L01 L01 1 Level2 9 45 1007/08 807/08 IKB42303 INB48302 INB48303 ISB42403 ITD22303 OPERATING SYSTEM SECURITY VOIP VOIP WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT OBJECT ORIENTED SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 5 Level29 19 1005/06 33 1007/08 33 2406/07 28 Level29 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 10 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 10/05/2013 FRIDAY 7 Session 09:00 AM Code MPW1133 Name PENGAJIAN MALAYSIA Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 50 1-7 1 – 19 8 – 50 20 – 50 1 – 25 Total 50 7 19 43 31 25 57 1807/08 1805/06 L02 62 2007/08 1805/06 L03 56 2007/08 2404/05 Total 8 03:00 PM IBB11504 IBB42603 ICB20403 C PROGRAMMING DATA COMPRESSION OBJECT ORIENTED SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WEB-BASED SOFTWARE DESIGN E-BUSINESS MODELS MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 30 15 1805/06 13 1805/06 47 807/08 1 – 15 16 – 28 1 – 47 15 13 47 ICB26203 ICB36603 MIIT MIIT L01 L01 20 1807/08 8 1007/08 1807/08 1 – 20 49 – 50 45 – 50 29 – 44 25 – 48 1 – 24 29 – 39 20 2 6 16 24 24 11 IED24103 IGB40302 IKB20303 INB47503 MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM IT REVOLUTION: MYTH OR REALITY SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 Total 16 1807/08 24 1007/08 24 1007/08 11 1805/06 178 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 11 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 11/05/2013 SATURDAY 9 Session 09:00 AMCode IAB30703 Name 3D PARTICLE AND DYNAMICS Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 40 – 50 42 – 49 1 – 35 1 – 39 1 – 50 1-4 50 – 50 61 – 81 1 – 50 1 – 49 48 – 49 1 – 26 48 – 50 1 – 29 1 – 41 1 – 47 1 – 60 50 – 50 Total 11 8 35 39 50 4 1 21 50 49 2 26 3 29 41 47 60 1 19 2005/06 2404/05 IEB31003 IED11102 IED23503 STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 35 2404/05 39 2005/06 54 1807/08 805/06 IFD20303 IGB11103 IGD10102 MICROPROCESSOR PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS ORGANISATION MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 1 807/08 1 Level29 99 1805/06 2007/08 IKB10203 IKB31103 IMB10103 IMB20503 IMD20603 INB23604 INB35605 INB47103 ROUTER CONFIGURATION BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING VISUAL PROGRAMMING MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN DIGITAL ANIMATION ROUTING PROTOCOLS AND CONCEPTS ADVANCED ROUTING ADVANCED ROUTING MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 2 807/08 26 2406/07 3 1007/08 29 1005/06 41 807/08 47 1007/08 60 Level29 1 2007/08 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 12 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 11/05/2013 SATURDAY 9 Session 09:00 AMCode ISB16103 Name INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 36 – 41 30 – 50 27 – 50 42 – 47 5 – 50 82 – 85 Total 6 21 24 6 46 4 27 2404/05 1005/06 ISB23203 VISUAL PROGRAMMING MIIT L01 30 2406/07 807/08 ITD12203 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE MIIT MIIT L01 L01 Total 46 805/06 4 584 33 Level29 116 1805/06 1807/08 2007/08 Level29 WBB11103 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT 10 02:00 PM IBB42103 ICB20503 SYSTEM PERFORMANCE MODELING DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MIIT MIIT L01 L01 1 – 33 1 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 16 47 – 48 73 – 84 31 – 46 1 – 31 17 – 30 57 – 72 40 – 46 33 50 50 16 2 12 16 31 14 16 7ICB26403 IED12102 IFD21603 IGB12102 IKB10103 IKB41403 IMB20703 DATABASE SYSTEMS ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS WIRELESS NETWORKS MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNOLOGIST 1 INFORMATION SECURITY SOFTWARE AND SYSTEM VULNERABILITIES MULTIMEDIA DATABASE SYSTEMS MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 2 805/06 12 Level29 16 2007/08 31 1007/08 14 2007/08 16 Level29 7 805 /06 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 13 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 11/05/2013 SATURDAY 10 Session 02:00 PM Code IMD20503 ISB31203 Name DIGITAL AUDIO AND VIDEO SOFTWARE INTEGRATIONInstitute MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 Total Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 39 34 – 56 Total 39 23 39 805/06 23 Level29 309 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 14 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 12/05/2013 SUNDAY 11 Session 09:00 AM Code IFD10304 Name CCNA1:NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS Institute MIIT Group L01 L02 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 44 33 – 50 81 – 84 80 – 80 1-3 1 – 50 4 – 32 44 – 72 79 – 79 1 – 43 73 – 78 45 – 45 24 – 50 11 – 50 1 – 18 19 – 32 14 – 50 1 – 23 Total 44 18 4 1 3 50 29 29 1 43 6 1 27 40 18 14 37 23 44 807/08 22 2404/05 Level29 IMB31503 IMD10 303HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION BASIC GRAPHIC DESIGN MIIT MIIT L01 L01 1 Level29 53 1805/06 1807/08 L02 IMD11303 INB12404 INB22603 INB48202 INB48203 INTRODUCTION TO MULTIMEDIA MICROPROCESSOR AND DIGITAL SYSTEM MICROPROCESSOR HIGH SPEED NETWORK (BROADBAND) HIGH SPEED NETWORK (BROADBAND) MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 29 1805/06 29 Level29 1 Level29 43 Level29 6 Level29 28 807/08 2406/07 ISB10103 PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER PROGRAMMING MIIT L01 58 2005/06 2404/05 L02 ISB36403 INTERACTION DESIGN MIIT L01 14 2404/05 60 805/06 2406/07 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 15 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PMExam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 12/05/2013 SUNDAY 11 Session 09:00 AM Code ITD20603 Name DATA STRUCTURE Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 85 – 85 1 – 50 1 – 50 33 – 50 1 – 10 Total 1 50 50 18 10 51 Level29 1005/06 ITD22403 DATABASE SYSTEMS MIIT L01 78 2007/08 1805/06 2005/06 Total 12 02:00 PM IED12503 IE D24203 IGB10503 IGB30702 IKB41103 ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS COMPUTER PLATFORM ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 2 STARTING UP A NEW VENTURE ADVANCED NETWORK SECURITY MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 Total 517 24 Level29 20 2007/08 9 805/06 60 – 83 29 – 48 13 – 21 35 – 59 1 – 34 24 20 9 25 34 5 Level29 34 Level29 112 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 16 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 13/05/2013 MONDAY 13 Session 09:00 AM Code ICB26303 Name INTRODUCTION TO ECOMMERCE SYSTEMS Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. 6 Venue 805/06 1005/06 Seat 50 – 50 46 – 50 78 – 84 10 – 50 85 – 85 32 – 50 1-9 1 – 50 31 – 50 33 – 48 1-7 1 – 50 1 – 31 1 – 62 1 – 34 63 – 77 1 – 49 1 – 30 Total 1 5 7 41 1 19 9 50 20 16 7 50 31 62 34 15 49 30 ICB41503 IDD20103 E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT FUNDAMENTALS OF NETWORK MIIT MIIT L01 L01 7 Level29 42 2007/08 Level29 IEB20403 IFD20603INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING NETWORK MANAGEMENT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 19 807/08 59 2007/08 2005/06 IFD30203 IGB12402 IGD10803 NETWORK SECURITY BUSINESS MATHEMATICS STATISTICS MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 20 1807/08 16 2406/07 57 2404/05 1805/06 IKB20603 INB12604 INB23704 INB47402 INB47403 ISB23103 ADVANCE NETWORKING NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS LAN SWITCHING WIRELESS NETWORK WIRELESS NETWORK SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 31 807/08 62 Level29 34 1005/06 15 Level29 49 805/06 30 1807/08 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 17 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule FinalSemester January 2013 Date 13/05/2013 MONDAY 13 Session 09:00 AM Code ISB42303 Name SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 25 Total 25 25 2406/07 ITD12103 MIIT L01 57 2406/07 1007/08 26 – 32 1 – 50 35 – 45 8 – 50 7 50 11 43 L02 54 1005/06 2404/05 Total 14 02:00 PM ICB47503 IDB20203 IEB30503 IFD20203 IKB42003 INB10403 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT OPERATING SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT OF IT RESOURCES FUNDAMENTALS OF VOICE AND DATA CABLING INCIDENT HANDLING AND RESPONSE DIGITAL SYSTEM MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 83 21 1005/06 50 1807/08 30 Level29 34 Level29 20 Level29 78 1007/08 1005/06 29 – 49 1 – 50 1 – 30 51 – 84 31 – 50 1 – 50 1 – 28 1 – 49 21 50 30 34 20 50 28 49 ITD32603 HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION MIIT L01 49 1805/06 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 18 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 13/05/2013 MONDAY 14 Session 02:00 PM Code MPW1143 Name PENGAJIAN ISLAM Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1-7 1 – 50 1 – 11 8 – 50 12 – 50 Total 7 50 11 43 39 57 805/06 2406/07 L02 54 2404/05 805/06 L03 Total 39 2404/05 432 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004Page : 19 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 14/05/2013 TUESDAY 15 Session 09:00 AM Code IBB31103 Name INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. 9 Venue 1007/08 2007/08 Seat 47 – 47 43 – 50 19 – 42 35 – 46 Total 1 8 24 12 ICB10203 IEB30703 COMPUTER ORGANIZATION IMAGINATION AND CREATIVITY PROBLEM SOLVING DIGITAL ELECTRONICS MIIT MIIT L01 L01 24 2007/08 12 1007/08 IED12303 MIIT L01 L02 44 1807/08 47 2404/05 1807/08 1 – 44 1 – 41 45 – 50 42 – 50 1 – 50 1-8 9 – 41 1 – 50 1 – 18 42 – 45 1 – 29 30 – 34 46 – 46 44 41 6 9 50 8 33 50 18 4 29 5 1 IGD10202PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MIIT L01 67 2404/05 2005/06 805/06 INB23103 INB48103 DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK MANAGEMENT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 33 805/06 68 1805/06 2007/08 MPW1153 MPW21 43 PENDIDIKAN MORAL PENGAJIAN ISLAM MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L02 4 805/06 29 1007/08 5 1 343 1007/08 805/06 MPW2153 PENDIDIKAN MORAL MIIT L01 Total 16 02:00 PM UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 20 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 14/05/2013 TUESDAY 16 Session 02:00 PM Code IMB42003 INB24604 INB35503 ISB42503 Name WEB APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WAN TECHNOLOGY INTERNET PROGRAMMING INTERNET PROGRAMMINGInstitute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 L01 L02 Tot. Stud. 1 Venue Level29 Seat 67 – 67 1 – 48 62 – 66 1 – 32 33 – 61 1 – 30 Total 1 48 5 32 29 30 48 1807/08 5 Level29 32 Level29 29 Level29 30 805/06 145 ITD31303 PHP WEB PROGRAMMING MIIT L01 Total UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 21 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 15/05/2013 WEDNESDAY 17 Session 09:00 AM Code IBB22203 ICB47203 IDB20103 IGB10003 IGB12202 IGB40102 INB35303 Name MICROCONTROLLER SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COMPUTER NETWORKS ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS 1 MATHEMATICS FOR TECHNOLOGIST 2Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 39 – 48 1 – 42 1 – 32 1 – 47 1 – 38 29 – 49 1 – 28 1 – 50 43 – 46 49 – 50 47 – 48 48 – 85 Total 10 42 32 47 38 21 28 50 4 2 2 38 10 2406/07 42 1007/08 32 807/08 47 Level29 38 2406/07 21 1805/06 78 1805/06 1807/08 TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION MIIT AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP NETWORK SECURITY MIIT MPW1113 MPW1123 MPW2113 MPW2123 BAHASA KEBANGSAAN (A) BAHASA KEBANGSAAN B BAHASA KEBANGSAAN (A) BAHASA KEBANGSAAN (B) MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 Total 4 2 2 1007/08 2406/07 1007/08 38 Level29 314 9 1807/08 18 02:00 PMIEB30903 IGD20203 INB34403 ISB37503 OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT MATHEMATICS FOR IT SYSTEM AND NETWORK PROGRAMMING REAL TIME AND EMBEDDED SYSTEMS MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 42 – 50 1 â €“ 41 1 – 60 1 – 49 9 41 60 49 41 1807/08 60 Level29 49 1805/06 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 22 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 15/05/2013 WEDNESDAY 18 Session 02:00 PM Code MPW2133 Name PENGAJIAN MALAYSIA Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 50 61 – 69 Total 50 9 59 1007/08 Level29 Total 218 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004Page : 23 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 16/05/2013 THURSDAY 19 Session 09:00 AM Code ICB42003 IGB10403 IGB13103 Name MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS DISCRETE MATHEMATICS FOR IT PRINCIPLE OF MARKETING Institute MIIT MIIT MIIT Group L01 L01 L01 Total Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 59 – 74 1 – 42 43 – 58 Total 16 42 16 16 Level29 42 Level29 16 Level29 74 8 1805/06 20 02:00 PM IBB11204 ICB10303 IKB42203 INB10303 INB24403 ISB41303 DIGITAL PRINCIPLES INTRODUCTION TO EBUSINESS SECURE S OFTWARE DEVELOPMENT DIGITAL PRINCIPLES SYSTEM TOOLS AND ADMINISTRATION SOFTWARE TESTINGMIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT MIIT L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 L01 Total 36 – 43 37 – 58 1 – 48 1 – 35 1 – 36 59 – 77 8 22 48 35 36 19 22 Level29 48 1807/08 35 1805/06 36 Level29 19 Level29 168 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 24 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 17/05/2013 FRIDAY 21 Session 09:00 AM Code IFD20403 Name OPERATING SYSTEM Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. Venue Seat 1 – 50 1 – 30 1 – 71 46 – 50 72 – 85 1 – 45 1 – 43 Total 50 30 71 5 14 45 43 80 2406/07 2404/05 IGB20303 IKB31003 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS FOR IT CYBER FORENSICS MIIT MIIT L01 L01 1 Level29 19 1807/08 Level29 INB33103 ISB23303 TELECOMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE DESIGN MIIT MIIT L01 L01 Total 45 1807/08 43 1007/08 258 63 1805/06 1807/08 22 03:00 PM IFD21903 NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM MIIT L01 34 – 46 1 – 50 1 – 33 13 50 33 INB35705 MULTILAYER SWITCHING MIIT L01 Total 33 1805/06 96 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 25 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 03/06/2013 MONDAY 25 Session 09:00 AM Code IDP05303 Name KOREAN LANGUAGE BEGINNERS Institute MIIT Group L01 Total Tot. Stud. 7 7 Venue 2102 Seat 1-7 Total 7 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004Page : 26 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 04/06/2013 TUESDAY 27 Session 09:00 AM Code IDP01103 Name INTRODUCTION TO PC HARDWARE AND MAINTENANCE Institute MIIT Group L01 Tot. Stud. 7 Venue 2102 Seat 1-7 Total 7 Total 7 UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR Report ID : PQR004 Page : 27 of 27 Date : 16-APR-2013 04:02 PM Exam Schedule Final Semester January 2013 Date 05/06/2013 WEDNESDAY 29 Session 09:00 AM Code IDP02105 Name MATHEMATICS 1 Institute MIIT Group L01 Total Tot. Stud. 7 7 7 7 Venue 2102 Seat 1-7 Tot al 7 30 02:00 PM IDP05103 FUNDAMENTALS OF SPEECH COMMUNICATION MIIT L01 Total 2102 1-7 7

Assignment 1b Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment 1b Scenario - Essay Example In the final section IV, there is some basic information about the financial considerations of our new project. My role in this project will be to provide the analytical information about the project to the management, which will help the management to carry out their decisions and make plans and strategies for the project. Reporting on different aspects of finance will be provided; this reporting will be based on historical data taken from financial accounting team and also with some research done on similar works carried out by our organizati0on as well as the competition. Information provided by me will give a bird’s eye view of project finance to the management. In addition, I will also be providing some extrapolations, suggestions, cost and profitability analysis, so that management is well informed about the trends and realities in project finance, thus helping their decision making on project finance issues. In brief, following will be my responsibilities in the project. Though my reporting will primarily based upon the inputs provided from the financial accounting department, research and analysis, yet there is remarkable difference in the activities of financial accounting department and my work. Financial accounting department basically works for information gathering, recording, maintaining and reporting according to the standard ways in a generic manner whereas my role will be to provide the information on specific issues and targeted for management. My role can be differentiated from that of financial accounting team as follows: Management Accounting is the branch of Accounting that deals primarily with confidential financial reports for the exclusive use of top management within an organization. These reports are prepared utilizing scientific and statistical methods to arrive at certain monetary values which are then used for decision making. Financial Accounting, on the other hand, concentrates on the production of financial reports,

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Case study - Essay Example The stress may have been one of the results as to why she contracted bipolar disorder. According to McDonald 2005 stress situations have been known to trigger bipolar disorder especially for those people who have a genetic vulnerability. The stress might have been as a result of the work environment which was not very conducive. Catherine did not have the courage to reveal that she was suffering from a dipolar disorder. This made the situation even worse since it added to her stress. Deciding on what step to take was the most difficult situation for her and it actually amplified her stress. She did not want to leave the job since it was the only source of living for her, her husband and their child. On the other hand, she was afraid to tell the manager that she was suffering from the condition since she feared she might be promoted again. Further, resigning was also a difficult action for her having witnessed how people who had resigned before had been treated by the managers. All th ese situations became too much for Catherine and her condition did not improve, instead it worsened. Catherine was lacking of self- confidence; she did not have self- esteem and did not even have the courage to talk about her situation. ... Self –disclosure is not easy and in most cases is â€Å"it depends on the relationship that exist between the involved parties and the trust they have for each other† (Hargie, 2011). Self-disclosure has a number of benefits and it has some risks as well. For instance, in some cultures, self –disclosure is an important element in a relationship. For two people to form a kind of a relationship, they must know one another (Schwartz, Galliher & Domenech, 2011). Therefore, if Catherine discloses herself to the management, there is a possibility that the relationship will improve (Corrigan, Kosyluk & Rusch, 2013). The management will understand her situation and therefore they will be likely to do what they can so as to help Catherine. Her working environment will improve since the management will provide her with what she needs to recover. She might be given an extended leave to go and rest and this might be important to improve the situation. Self –disclosure is likely to help Catherine in positive development and this will be beneficial considering her condition. According to Maata and Uusiautti (2013), communication is important is it improves the status of any form of relationship. This could also be applicable in the relationship between Catherine and the rest of the workers in the organization as well as with the managers. The workers have been seen to discuss her since her return to work and also make smiles about her. This has affected her relationship with them and it is only through self-disclosure that the situation is likely to improve. She will be better positioned to manage the situation. Self –disclosure on the other hand might be risky. It is not always one will be appreciated when they talk to others about themselves. Self- disclosure may lead

Comparing Leadership in Military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparing Leadership in Military - Essay Example The key leadership challenges for me exist at several levels. The foremost challenge is for me to establish clear-defined role for the DCO of the brigade, who in the past have been deemed to have a confused role. As CO, I also need to define my role clearly. These problems were apparent in Afghanistan during the previous deployment, where the leadership struggled due to too many responsibilities being assigned to the DCO, due to having a separate leadership structure in place over the MiTT, and later on as a result of the untimely deaths of the top officers in the brigade. Not only did the deaths of these officers create a sudden change of leadership, it also required the development of a new vision of leadership as well as the inspiration of new confidence in the troops in the entire brigade. Thus, I have a challenge in establishing myself as the new leader who will bring the unit back to the pace and status it held under old leadership, and as a result I must raise morale and profi ciency among the soldiers. Within the officer structure, there is also a problem of my shops working together in harmony—the S3 shop is perceived as dictatorial by its members, while the S4 shop is overwhelmed; finally, the S6 shop, least likely to complain about workload, also finds that its job is overwhelming. These shops all need some sort of relief, and I need to refocus them in order to better complete their tasks as well as recover from the deployment. My second leadership challenge lies at the NCO level. The most alarming aspect of this is how my brigade CSM is not open to the feedback of his NCOs, who complained about the stress and workload as well. Although the NCOs do benefit from hard handed leadership that requires action and results, they also need leadership that listens to their feedback and integrates into a wider solution. The CSM is not going to improve the efficiency and morale of his NCOs by batting back their feedback, negative as it may be, and needs t o take an approach that will lead to more incentive and increased dedication. In short, the NCOs need to be inspired rather than reprimanded—and I need to reprimand my CSM. Finally, there is an issue throughout the entire brigade of time and resource management. The reset face is presenting me a challenge due to the dwindling amount of days before the next phase of training comes into place, and much of the equipment is either in transit or in disrepair and will not be available for full use until much close to the H+180 point. This places pressure on myself and the leadership at all levels, as the leaders from the team level up to my position as CO need to find a way to train and familiarize with equipment that we do not have. The result is not that there is a shortage of time, but moreso that there is an excess of time without the proper resources. I need to find a way to prepare the troops for the next deployment cycle without the equipment—I also need to adjust the troops to the new mission and timeline in Afghanistan, as well as the fact that they may be acting in infantry type roles in addition to their usual MOS roles. My vision for transforming the organization of the 56th HBCT involves making a clear structure of authority and tasking. As CO, I will require reports on equipment availability at

Nokia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nokia - Case Study Example Nokia’s biggest strength is the reputed brand name and the acceptance of Nokia products in over 150 countries. Nokia products are custom made for each country and region considering the economic and cultural situations. Moreover Nokia products are easy to use and a wide range of telecommunication products are available from Nokia to cater the needs of all the segments of people in the world. Being the number one mobile manufacturer in the world, the resale value of the Nokia products are best in the industry. The major weakness of Nokia is the price of their product. Compared to other mobile manufacturers, Nokia products are expensive. Nokia is not offering much promotions and sales discounts to the customers compared to others. Moreover, after sales services of Nokia seems to be not adequate. Globalization and liberalization has offered Nokia lot of opportunities worldwide. The heavily populated and rapidly developing countries like India and China offer great opportunities for Nokia products. In developing countries like India the standard of living has increased a lot and people started to use expensive items and Nokia can easily capitalize on that (Scribd) The major threats for Nokia is from the competitors like, Motorola, Sony Erikson, LG, Samsung etc. Apple has recently introduced a touch screen phone which was new in that category. Even though Nokia has introduced some substitutes for countering the Apple threat, it was not successful enough to beat the Apple challenge. Recently Nokia has experience a major problem in India when some of the Nokia batteries started to burst. Nokia forced to replace all the batteries of a particular series in India which actually damaged the reputation of Nokia in India. Nokia unveiled plans to launch a slew of services for mobile users, starting later this year in Europe and Asia. The scheme

4) Discuss the differences in Religious Jurisprudence between of Essay

4) Discuss the differences in Religious Jurisprudence between of Sunnites and Shiites - Essay Example This has caused sometimes fights among the vast population of Muslims in the Islamic countries. As per the records available, Prophet Muhammad died in the year 632 A.D. His death left a gap for the political leadership of the Muslim community, with regard to succession of the prophet. The debate over the selection of the successor left mainly two choices with the Muslim masses. While one choice was to find a pious person who would follow the percepts of Islam and principals laid out by the prophet, other view point was to find the successor from the bloodline of the prophet itself. The first Caliph named as Abu Bakr, who was a close associate of the prophet was announced after this debate. However, some of the Muslims did not support this decision, although majority was in its favor. Prophet Muhammad had a daughter named Fatima whose husband, Ali ibn Abi Talib was very active during the lifetime of the prophet. However, he did not have the required seniority to replace the prophet after his death. In any case, a certain sect of the Muslims opined that this son-in-law of the prophet should succeed him. Even among the followers of Ali, some voices supported the name of Abu Bakr as successor. Thereafter, two Caliphs, Umar and Uthman, who were seen as legitimate successive Caliphs by the majority of the Muslims, succeeded Abu Bakr. However, the separatist voices supporting Ali had not died down completely and some of the Ali’s supporters killed the third Caliph, Uthman in the year 652 A.D.. This resulted in the announcement of Ali as the new Caliph......(1) As the rivalry had already taken roots within the Muslim civilization, Ali was also killed in the year 661 A.D. He had two sons Hassan and Hussein who also died some years later in the battle against Sunnis. This became the cause of the division of the Islamic religion in two sects. The percentage supporting Ali as the Caliph was called Shias and the other majority supporting the earlier Caliphs were

Joseph Smith, Brigham Young and the Origins of Mormonism Research Paper

Joseph Smith, Brigham Young and the Origins of Mormonism - Research Paper Example Currently, the religious group of Mormons has expanded to a greater extent and known as the Church of the Jesus Christ of the Latter- day Saints with its thirteen million members. Out of these thirteen million members of this group, more than half are outside the US territory. Beside the group the Latter- day Saints, another smaller group which is known as Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints (RLDS) has membership of 250,000 members in more than fifty countries. The headquarter of the Church of the Jesus Christ of the Latter- day Saints is situated in the Salt Lake City and directing a worldwide movement- a strong missionary force composing of fifty thousand members both male and female. The Mormons use to wear their special conservative dresses and can be identified easily. Although Mormonism supports the original traditions of Christianity and works out for the restoration of ancient Christian’s faith, it also holds a wide range of distinctive practices a nd doctrines. Beside its faith on various practices and doctrines, Mormons have also strong beliefs on holy writ and holy books. As far as the origin of Mormonism is concerned, there are several links and set of various associations and stories related to the originator of Mormonism- Joseph Smith. The most widely distributed concept about Smith is that he maintained a claim that the angels directed him towards gold plates. He translated the scripture of these gold plates as the religious Book of the Mormons. Later on in 1840s, Smith instituted the concept of polygamy among his devotees and finally, in 1844- at a very young age, Smith was murdered by a non- Mormon enemy. Brigham Young was the successor of Smith and led Mormonism after the death of Joseph Smith. Currently, the efforts of Brigham Young have proved to develop a strong hierarchical system controlling the church from top to bottom. The followers of Joseph Smith’s faith are known as Mormons and their faith is called Mormonism. In the beginning, the term Mormons was considered negative and uncomplimentary. Later on, it was not like that; however, Mormons most often prefer to be known as Later- Day Saints (LDS) (Russell Ballard, 2). The Mormons as well as the Latter Day Saints, both, share a common set of ideas. These generally include the ultimate belief in Bible and religious scripture like the Doctrine and Covenants and Book of Mormons. The teachings of eternal progression and marriage and polygamy were ultimate parts of their religious teachings. However, in the late 19th century, Latter Day Saints have abandoned the practices of plural marriages in Mormonism. Some other variations of Mormons include the cultural Mormonism and fundamentalism in Mormons. Cultural Mormons are more concerned about their cultural and traditional traits than theology. On the other hand, fundamentalists in Mormons still practice the concept of polygamy that was initially the concept in Mormonism and later on disco ntinued by the Latter Day Saints. Beginnings Joseph Smith born in 1814, resided with his family members in Windsor. This is the only authentic trace about Smith’s family. Smith always cradled on Green mountains and roam freely to explore the narrow gullies and deep ravines. He always love to explore the snow covered mountains and broad lands. He spent the younger years of his life with curiosity- in search of the soul of the world (Belisle & Joseph Smith, 17- 18). This is known as historical faith of Smith where he explored the facts of

Christinas World by Andrew Wyeth Personal Statement

Christinas World by Andrew Wyeth - Personal Statement Example We can see that she seems to be gazing at an old farmhouse from afar. An old barn stands not far from the farm house and what looks like remnants of old picket posts can be seen near the farm house. Given that the dominant colours are tertiary and that there is visible lighting or shadowing in the painting, it can be said that the painter definitely did not apply the colours flat on his canvas and that mixing of colours was done. The light is coming from the upper right front of the painting, sensibly coming from the horizon. The noticeable shadows in the painting are shadows of the farmhouse, the barn, the little outhouse, the Christina's arms, hair and lower body. The shadows of the objects consistently fall on the lower left of the object; this coincides with the source of light coming from the upper right portion of the painting. There is a wide range of tonal contrast for this painting. Very light highlights can be seen on the grass details and the dark shadows are seen on the shadows of the farmhouse, barn and the details of the Christina's body. The painting definitely looks still and peaceful. The artist achieved this stillness by making the painting almost barren except for the girl and the structures afar. The only hint of movement in the painting is the wisps of the girl's hair which seem to be moving because of a soft breeze. In addition, the girl seems to be moving her body because her left hand looks like it's about to touch the ground What is the centre of interest in the composition How does the artist draw your attention to it The center of interest in the composition is not the scenery of the landscape but the frail girl. The artist has drawn the attention to the girl by making the presence of other objects almost unnoticed. Christina stood out in her pale pink dress in the midst of an almost repetitive color of the fields. He placed the girl in the center of the composition and the way the girl is positioned is not natural. It appears as though she is having a hard time moving her body because of the disheveled hair. The girl's frailty is very noticeable in her bony arms and shin. Mood/Emotion: What do you

Retail Bank's Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Retail Bank's Marketing - Case Study Example Pricing is a very integral part of marketing. Decisions about price are those which determine profitability (Stephenson, 2005). It is also one of the factors which determine whether the customer will actually acquire the product or service. Customers base their purchase judgments based on price (Stephenson, 2005). Pricing of the financial products is one of the most crucial decisions. Some of the most common pricing strategies used by the marketers include both cost-based strategies and non- cost based strategies (Winston, 1986). Ethics are moral principles and values that govern the actions and decisions of an individual or group. These serve as guidelines as to what is the fair and right thing to do. Customers have the right to be informed, and it is the marketers' responsibility to ensure they are providing customers accurate and complete information about their products and services, i.e. they should disclose complete costs associated with financial services, but this is not always practiced(Kerin, Hartley & Rudelius, 2003). Social responsibility is an important part of the marketing concept of any organization in any given industry. This is especially important for financial institutions since they serve the public. They need to not only focus on profits but also on the society as a whole. At times it is possible for a company to satisfy its customers yet fail to meet social responsibility. Despite the fact that banks and other financial institutions play a active role in the society, they still manage to conduct practices that abuse the environment discriminate in hiring employees, manufacturing unsafe products or engaging in misleading advertising or labeling. At times these organizations are still focuses on meeting their goals rather than meeting customer needs (Pezzullo, 1998). In the article 'Interest rate clustering in the UK financial services market' (2008), Ashton and Hudson explain through empirical evidence the price and interest rate clustering practices used by retail banks. In their study they explain how financial services marketers capitalize on the difficulties customers face in recalling and processing price information. They do this to maximize their revenue from deposits made by customers. Ashton and Hudson (2008) explain that price and interest rate clustering occur as a result of an individual's limited number recall.

Mango Street Essay Essay Example for Free

Mango Street Essay Essay Throughout history, women have been seen as inferior to men. In the novel, The House On Mango Street, the main character, Esperanza sees many examples of women who are treated lower by their husbands. These women are imprisoned in their own homes on Mango Street. The author, Sandra Cisneros uses the motif of Imprisoned Females to show that women have been seen as inferior to men. There were many chapters in the novel in which women were seen as inferior to men. On page 79 in the novel, Rafael gets locked indoors because her husband is afraid Rafaela will run away since she is too beautiful to look at. Rafael is just one of the many victims of Imprisoned Females on Mango Street. She is scared to leave because she thinks her husband will do something, he doesn’t want other man to take her away from him. Esperazana could also been considered a â€Å"Imprisoned Female. All she wants to do is live in a house she can call her own and be free but she is stuck on Mango Street where she meets all these other women who are stuck like her and she thinks she will never get out. Men treat women like they are nothing. Why? Because they are scared. Scared that women will leave them for someone better. Scared that women will tell someone of all the awful things they have done to them. Scared that women will finally tell the truth.

Grammatical constraints on code-switching

Grammatical constraints on code-switching Grammatical constraints on code-switching The behaviour of bilingual and multilingual speakers in a wide variety of speech communities and a broad range of social contexts has been the subject of research since the 1970s. Specific attention has been paid in the literature on bilingualism/multilingualism to the phenomenon of code-switching, one of the results of which has been the proposal of and subsequent debate surrounding a number of different grammatical approaches to it. This essay will attempt to examine and discuss some of the main grammatical approaches to code-switching, and go on to look at the arguments advanced to support (and undermine) these. As Poplack (1980) mentions, authors of the early literature when not focusing on the sociolinguistic and discourse elements relating to code-switching concluded that code-switching was a phenomenon that occurred at random. Subsequent research has shown that there are code-switching patterns and that switching is, in fact, subject to grammatical rules; the debate now is centred on what, exactly, those rules are. The various theories put forward by scholars in this field of research seek to elaborate universally-applicable rules that account for all instances of code-switching in all language pairs. As will be seen in this essay, and as is claimed by Gardner-Chloros and Edwards (2004) and Alvarez-Cà ¡ccamo (1998), none of these theories achieves its aim. It is worth bearing in mind that, broadly speaking, there are two main â€Å"types† of code-switching: intersentential and intrasentential. The latter is arguably of greater interest to researchers as â€Å"it is only there that the two grammars are in contact† (Myers-Scotton and Jake (1995)). There are several main grammatical approaches to code-switching which fall into a number of broad categories, each of which will be discussed in turn. Gardner-Chloros and Edwards (2004: 3-4) argue that any given grammatical approach to code-switching depends on the sense of the word â€Å"grammar†. They claim that at least five senses of the term can be identified and, of those five senses, grammatical approaches to code-switching have focused (explicitly or otherwise) on the following two: Formal grammar; and Chomskyan/Universalist grammar Poplacks study of code-switching amongst a sample of bilingual Puerto-Ricans in New York City (1980) is an empirical test of two simple constraints that, she claims, are universally applicable: the Equivalence Constraint and the Free Morpheme Constraint. The Equivalence Constraint dictates that intrasentential switches will only be made by any bilingual speaker (regardless of the speakers proficiency in his or her L2) â€Å"at points in discourse where juxtaposition of L1 and L2 elements does not violate a syntactic rule of either language, i.e. at points around which the surface structures of the two languages map onto each other†. So a bilingual speaker implicitly obeys the syntactic rules imposed by the respective grammars (which, in this model, are deemed to share rules that apply to the use of particular lexical items or language constituents) and will only make a switch from one code to the other at points where that switch will not violate the rules of either grammar. Indeed, the title of Poplacks paper is a case in point: (1) Sometimes I start a sentence in Spanish y termino en espanol(â€Å"and finish in Spanish†) Here, the switch is made at a point in the sentence where the Spanish subordinate clause â€Å"y termino en espanol† does not violate the grammatical rules of English (which are deemed to set the framework for the sentence): the verb â€Å"terminar† is correctly inflected (â€Å"termino† first person singular, present indicative) as the English verb â€Å"to finish† would be (i.e. â€Å"I finish†) had the clause been uttered in the latter language and indeed, the grammar of the subordinate clause does not violate any grammatical rules of Spanish, were the entire sentence to be uttered solely in Spanish. The Free Morpheme Constraint states that an intrasentential switch may be made by any bilingual speaker â€Å"provided [a] constituent is not a bound morpheme†. Thus a sentence such as: (2) And what a tertuliait was, Dios mio! (And what a gathering it was, my God!) is acceptable under the Free Morpheme constraint (note that idiomatic expressions such as Dios mio above are â€Å"considered to behave like bound morphemes in that they show a strong tendency to be uttered monolingually†), unlike a sentence such as: (3) *Estaba type-ando su ensayo (She was type-ing her essay) Subsequent discussion and research have shown that Poplacks Constraints theory is not universally applicable to all language pairs or all instances of code-switching. It would appear that the Constraints model sits perfectly with Poplacks own data set drawn from her sample Puerto-Rican speech community, and may be appropriate for language pairs which share particular grammatical, syntactic or lexical features, such that these facilitate switches that indeed do not violate any grammatical rules of either of the languages in contact. Nevertheless, Poplack has continued to defend and refine the model, arguing that instances of code-switching that violates either or both of the constraints are not code-switches at all, but rather what are termed by Poplack â€Å"nonce borrowings† (a term first coined by Weinreich (1953)). These, it is argued, are tantamount to single-word code-switches: words from the L2 are used in an L1-dominant utterance but have yet to become an established pa rt thereof. Poplack argues that the Free Morpheme constraint is â€Å"a consequence of the nonce borrowing hypothesis (Sankoff et al, 1990)†. However, further research has yet fully to substantiate the claim of universal applicability of the Constraints model to all language pairs and all instances of code-switching. Other constraints models have also been put forward, amongst others, by Pfaff (1979) in her study of Spanish-English code-switching and borrowing. She argues that there are four main types of constraints on constraints: functional, structural, semantic and discourse-related.   Further constraints have also been formulated by Woolford (1983) in her generative model of code-switching (again based on data from Spanish-English bilinguals). Such constraints models can be contrasted with the far more elaborate Matrix Language Frame model developed and advocated by Myers-Scotton and her collaborators (1993 and subsequently refined: 1995, 2000), in which sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics are combined within a grammatical approach to code-switching. The notion of a base or matrix language was not new when the MLF model was initially published by Myers-Scotton. Work by Klavans (1985), Joshi (1985) and others had already posited a â€Å"frame† or â€Å"matrix† into which elements of the other language could be embedded. The broad lines of the MLF are as follows. Myers-Scotton makes the case for code-switching to involve a base or matrix language (ML), into which pockets of embedded language are inserted. The ML, then, is the â€Å"unmarked† language choice that provides the grammatical structure for the utterance or discourse, with â€Å"islands† of EL inserted at grammatically acceptable points of that utterance. She distinguishes between different types of morphemes and the role they play in code-switching: the ML supplies the system morphemes (closed-class items) in the sentence, while the EL supplies a proportion of the content morphemes (open-class items). There is also a psycholinguistic dimension to the MLF model, in that the ML is deemed to be more â€Å"activated† than the EL; it therefore lends itself more readily to providing the frame for code-switching between a bilingual speakers two (or more) languages. In seeking to define â€Å"matrix language† Myers-Scotton argues that the decision made on the part of bilingual speakers to make intrasentential switches is â€Å"based on social, psychological and structural factors†. It is these factors that essentially form the basis of a definition of the ML. There are two structural criteria involved:  § The ML is the language that projects the morphosyntactic frame for the CP that shows intrasentential CS. This is operationalised by two principles: the morpheme order principle, which states that the â€Å"surface morpheme order (reflecting surface syntactic relations) will be that of the ML†; and the system morpheme principle, which states that â€Å"all system morphemes that have grammatical relations external to their head constituent (i.e. participate in the sentences thematic role grid) will come from the ML†.  § The ML generally supplies the greater number of morphemes in intrasentential code-switching. The sociolinguistic aspects of the MLF model underpin the psycholinguistic ones: as stated above, the ML is the â€Å"unmarked† or expected language choice for the exchange between code-switching speakers. It is pointed out, however, that this is not always the case, for instance when the speakers do not share the same first language. It is also argued that the ML can change over the course of an exchange, in relation to situational changes for example. The distinction between content and system morphemes is central to the MLF model, in that they help to identify the ML and EL. Under the MLF model, content morphemes come mainly from the EL, with system morphemes coming principally from the ML to form the frame in which code-switching can occur. There are, however, difficulties in using morphemes to identify the ML, particularly when a speakers bilingualism is quite balanced. The quantitative criterion states that the majority of the morphemes in a code-switched utterance will come from the ML. However, this raises the issue of sample size which Myers-Scotton herself concedes is difficult to determine and comes up against instances of code-switching by balanced bilingual speakers who use both of their languages more or less equally; the number of morphemes from each language will, therefore, be more or less equal, thus undermining the applicability of the quantitative criterion posited in the MLF model in identifying the ML. . Like the Constraints model, subsequent research and commentary have led to the MLF model being refined into its current form, the 4-M Model. In this theory, further distinctions are drawn between categories of system morpheme. Attempts are also made to resolve issues in the original MLF model, such as double morphology. An interesting aspect of the MLF model is that it does not adopt the â€Å"sentence† as an appropriate unit for the grammatical analysis of code-switching. Myers-Scotton instead uses the CP (complement phrase) as an analytical unit, which she defines as a syntactic structure expressing the predicate-argument structure of a clause, plus the additional syntactic structures needed to encode discourse-relevant structure and the logical form of that clause. Because CP explicitly assumes that the unit of structure includes COMP (complementizer) position, it is a more precise term than either clause or sentence. For all of its innovation and complexity which sets it in stark contrast with the simplicity of the Constraints model discussed above the MLF model does not account for all instances of code-switching in all language pairs, fitting only with certain language pairs, and particularly with Myers-Scottons data set drawn from East African languages and dialects; as well as â€Å"cases of very asymmetric bilingualism† where the speakers proficiency in one or other of the languages in contact is weaker. So neither the Constraints model nor the MFL model gives a complete grammatical description of code-switching; instead, they each describe a particular form or class of code-switching into which particular language pairs or forms of bilingualism fit. A more complete view is therefore required. Muysken (2000) proposes a typology of code-mixing (a term that he favours over â€Å"code-switching†, which he reserves for referring to instances of rapid interchange between languages in the same discourse) that attempts to encompass both of the models discussed above, with an additional component that he terms â€Å"congruent lexicalization†. He argues that there are three main types of CS: Alternation: this is a form of code-switching in which bilingual speakers alternate between their two (or more) languages. An example of alternational code-mixing is Poplacks Constraints model. Insertion: in this form of CS, speakers insert chunks of switched constituents from the L2 into discourse framed in L1. Muysken argues that the MLF model is an illustration of insertional code-mixing. Congruent lexicalization: this is code-mixing between language pairs that share close morphological and phonological ties. An example of one such language pair (and the corresponding code-switching) is provided by Clynes study of Dutch-English code-switching in Australia (1987). Muysken argues that different language pairs will fit into one or other of those types. So, rather than proposing a â€Å"one size fits all† grammatical approach to code-switching/code-mixing, he acknowledges that code-mixing/code-switching between different languages pairs will display different characteristics, rather than claiming that all instances of code-mixing/code-switching will fit into a single immutable model or theory. It is interesting to note that Muysken is also a proponent of the Chomskyan Government model of code-switching. In a paper co-authored with Di Sciullo and Singh (1986), it is argued that the government constraint, whereby there can be no switch in codes between a governor constituent and its corresponding governed item, will serve to predict which switches will and will not be acceptable, regardless of the languages in contact in a bilingual persons lexicon. The model, however, does not account for or predict all instances of code-switching; indeed, bilingual speakers will code-switch at any point in any given utterance, Government or no. Even when the scope of the model is restricted to lexical government by non-function words (Muysken 1990), it remains an overstatement. It must also be borne in mind that this model will change as many times as Chomskys theory of Universal Grammar goes through its various transformations; in its current incarnation of the Minimalist Program, the not ion of Government has been cast aside altogether owing to definitional difficulties Another take on the generativist approach to code-switching is the â€Å"null theory† of code-switching. A number have been put forward (Mahootian (1993), Chan (1999), MacSwan (1999, 2000), Woolford (1983)). The basic premise of the â€Å"null theory† approach whether it is couched in terms of Tree Adjoining Grammar (Joshi 1985) or the Minimalist Program/Principles and Parameters is that code-switching can be described in terms of grammatical principles relevant to monolingual grammars, without postulating additional devices or constraints that are specific to code-switching itself. This is an attractive argument, but far from compelling. Generativist models are highly abstract, to the point where they are too far removed from the realities of bilingual speech. The underlying premise of Chomskys notion of the monolingual â€Å"ideal speaker† is not helpful here, as it leads to generalisations about bilingual speakers that are simply not accurate, as they are not a reflection of how bilinguals combine their languages in speech. Additionally, the â€Å"ungrammatical† nature of speech weakens any grammatical model of code-switching (see below). There are a number of reasons why none of these models (perhaps with the exception of Muyskens proposed typology of code-mixing) can account for all instances of CS. 1. Variability: As Gardner-Chloros and Edwards rightly point out, this variability is found between communities, within a single community, right down to the speech of individuals and even within the speech of a single individual within the same conversation (2004: 4). This may be the end result of and, at the very least, related to the idiolectal competence of individual speakers. 2. Nature of bilingual speech: Bilingual speakers are known to employ all kinds of devices and â€Å"tricks† to avoid being constricted by the dictates of grammatical rules. Speakers use pauses, interruptions and other means to neutralize any grammatical awkwardness resulting from switching at a particular point in the sentence.These devices serve a functional purpose in allowing speakers to make full use of both of their languages, and legitimising combinations from languages that are typologically different (e.g. word order). 3. Abstract nature of the notion of â€Å"grammar† and â€Å"sentence†: These are abstractions used by linguists to conceptualise language behaviour, in this instance amongst bilingual speakers. The issue here is whether such abstractions are relevant to the analysis of CS as seen in bilingual speech. The concept of the â€Å"sentence† may not be appropriate to the analysis of code-switching in any event: speakers rarely utter fully-rounded, grammatical sentences in everyday discourse and code-switch at will with seemingly little concern for the grammaticality of the (intersentential or intrasentential) switches that they make so effortlessly. Furthermore, from a grammatical analysis perspective, Gardner-Chloros and Edwards argue that even if the sentence were to be accepted as the â€Å"upper limit of grammar† and a meaningful unit in the context of code-switching, this would mean that grammatical approaches would only seek to explain intrasentential swit ches whilst omitting intersentential switches and conversational â€Å"moves† (2004: 5). The fundamental question at issue is whether or not a grammatical approach to code-switching is even appropriate. Given the variability of code-switching and the nature of speech in general and bilingual speech more specifically it seems particularly difficult to formulate any kind of universally applicable principle or constraint that accurately predicts how, where and when a bilingual speaker will switch codes, let alone whether that switch will â€Å"grammatical†. Variability lays at the very heart of code-switching; it is a reflection of a human ability to handle and manipulate language in any way that serves the speakers purpose in any given situation and with any given interlocutor(s). Another salient point that emerges is whether code-switching is even an observable fact. Gardner-Chloros (1995) argues that CS is an â€Å"analyst construct†, a product of linguists conceptualisations of language contact and language mixing and, as such, not separable from borrowing, interference or pidginisation (1995: 86), be it in ideological or practical terms. She also argues that the abstract concept currently accepted in bilingualism research is â€Å"fuzzy† and should in fact be used as a much broader term for a range of interlingual phenomena in which strict alternation between two discrete systems is the exception rather than the rule (1995: 68). If that is indeed the case, is it possible to begin to formulate a â€Å"grammar of code-switching† when there is still uncertainty as to what code-switching actually is? The arguments put forward by Alvarez-Cà ¡ccamo (1998) are also related to the points raised by Gardner-Chloros. In tracing the development of code-switching as a field of bilingualism research and of applied linguistics as a whole, he distinguishes between linguistic varieties and communicative codes, arguing that code-switching pertains to the former category and, as such, suggests that â€Å"code-switching† is perhaps a misnomer. He proposes that the concept of CS in its current form be both narrowed to exclude unrelated phenomena that have come under the banner of â€Å"code-switching†, and broadened to include those elements that have been excluded (including aspects of monolingual speech). It is difficult to see how an all-encompassing approach to code-switching can be put forward until the phenomenon of code-switching has been properly identified (and presumably labelled: â€Å"In order to argue convincingly for or against the existence of â€Å"code-switching constraints† and â€Å"code-switching grammars† () research should first convincingly prove that (a) speakers who code-switch possess two (or more) identifiable systems or languages, each with its identifiable grammatical rules and lexicon; and (b) â€Å"code-switched† speech results from the predictable interaction between lexical elements and grammatical rules from these languages.† (Alvarez-Cà ¡ccamo (1998: 36)) However, the issue here again lays in the conceptualisation of bilingual speech. Abstractions used by linguists in examining language phenomena such as code-switching remove the â€Å"human† element reflected in discourse strategies employed by bilingual speakers (discussed above; see below). A further aspect of code-switching, while not strictly grammatical, is discussed by Bentahila and Davies (1995):   the variables related to language contact situations, and how those change depending on developments in the contact situations. In a study of different generations of Moroccan Arabic-French bilinguals, they examine the relationship between patterns of code-switching and patterns of language contact and the influence of extraneous factors on those patterns. They point out that code-switching is affected by the nature of the contact between a particular pair of languages: duration of contact, for instance, and the impact of governmental language planning policies. They found that while all the bilingual speakers in their sample speech community used the same languages, their use of those same languages depended on their proficiency in both, which in turn depended on their age and the effects of governmental language planning and nationalist policies pursued in the post-c olonial continuum. It could be argued that evolving patterns of code-switching contribute to the variability of code-switching practices amongst bilingual speakers and, therefore, constitute another (indirect) reason why grammatical approaches to code-switching so often fall short. In summary, then, a number of grammatical models of intrasentential code-switching, with each claiming to predict where in the sentence a bilingual person will switch languages and that such switches will be made in such a way as not to violate any of the grammatical rules of either of the languages in contact. It is contended that, rather than achieving that aim, each model is specific to the data sets on which they are based, and can only really apply to similar language pairs. They therefore only describe an aspect of a phenomenon that is far more complex than the models would suggest. Furthermore, the applicability of the various models also depends on the â€Å"kind† of bilingual concerned and their proficiency in their respective language pairs: the Constraints model appears to be more relevant to more balanced bilinguals, for instance, while the MLF model seems to be more appropriate to more asymmetric bilinguals. It must be remembered that the models are not in stasis but rather continually refined and amended in relation to developments in their particular theoretical backdrop: the Government model of code-switching, for instance, is based on a theory of Universal Grammar that is itself evolving over time. Muyskens typology of bilingual speech (2000), which draws on the leading models of code-switching/code-mixing and seeks to account for all instances of code-switching by taking into account the various aspects involved therein, appears to be the most rounded of the grammatical approaches to the phenomenon, in that it encompasses the disparate aspects that have formed the focus of individual models. There is also the issue of whether code-switching is a phenomenon in its own right and, if not, what linguistic phenomena the concept of code-switching can be deemed to cover. Has the concept become an umbrella term used to describe a number of different linguistic devices employed by bilingual speakers? Or are these elements that are indistinguisha ble from a wider phenomenon? To conclude, it would appear that research into and grammatical approaches to code-switching have lost sight of the fact that code-switching is an abstraction used by linguists to conceptualise an aspect of the behaviour of bilingual speakers. After all, â€Å"languages do not do things; people do things, languages are abstractions from what people do† . Such a conceptualisation has led to researchers attempting to fit bilingual speech behaviour to a particular model rather than the other way around, discounting aspects such as variability, bilingual discourse strategies and the fact that code-switching is a creative, innovative process designed, it would appear, almost to avoid grammatical constraints altogether. Abstract grammatical models cannot reflect the realities of language contact and use. Not only that, but code-switching is also a gauge of language change and shift; this being the case, it is plausible that a grammatical shift would ensue, thus undermining a given m odel. Factors such as those mentioned by Bentahila and Davies (1995) must also have some kind of impact on grammatical models when these are based on a language contact situation which is shifting and evolving. A step back towards the realities of bilingual communication and speech acts, combined with an acceptance of the variability that they necessarily entail as reflected in the typology proposed by Muysken (2000) would constitute a more appropriate starting point for any grammatical approach to code-switching that sets out to be all things to all bilingual speakers.

It’s Time to Revise Title IX Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Argumen

It’s Time to Revise Title IX The Preamble to Title IX, which was instigated in 1972, states that â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational programs or activity receiving federal financial assistance.† This law took action to give females equal opportunities in federally funded programs. Although Title IX’s sole purpose was well intended, it fell short of its main goals because it had negative affects on male activities. In the article â€Å"Title IX: It’s Time to Live Up to the Letter of the Law,† Donna Lopiano argued for equal opportunities in athletics for women. She discussed how Title IX has affected men’s athletics through the Proportionality Law which insists that all schools provide an equal ratio of financial assistance to male and female students. Lopiano’s article contested the amount of athletic scholarship money offered to male and female athletes, and the budget each team received. A topic that Lopiano chose to ignore in her article was that by colleges cutting men’s sports teams to comply with Title IX, they were working against the law that they were trying to fulfill. Lopiano also ignored the fact that females do not have identical interests to males. Although females show a large interest in athletics, there is a greater demand for male athletics. The Proportionality Law for title IX states that financial assistance must be awarded to equal amounts of men and women, proportionate to the enrollment of the school. The law also asserts that colleges should have the same ratio of male to female athletes as the ratio of male and female students. For example, if a college has... ... Equity in Sports. 16 October 2000. 2 November 2003 . Khvalina, Lana. "Original goal of Title IX lost as colleges forced to cut men's athletic programs." Trapezoid Online 9 June 2000. 2 November 2003 . Kopac, Bob. Title IX at XXX. 2 November 2003. . Levey, Curt. "Title IX's Dark Side: Sports Gender Quotas." Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments. July 12 1999: 626-627. Lopiano, Donna. "Title IX: It's Time to Live Up to the Letter of the Law." Good Reasons with Contemporary Arguments. 2000: 200-203. Preamble to Title IX. "U.S. Department of Labor." Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972. Assistant Secretary for Administration and Management. 31 October 2003 .

Importance of Change in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay -- Ray Bra

Importance of Change in Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is change? Webster's Dictionary, defines change as to cause to become different; alter; transform; convert. Many things, people, and world events are able to change. Years of peace may be shattered by one act of terrorism. Technology changes how people interact and work in the world. People also change. Many do not see any wrongdoing internally, and remain the way they are. However, there might be outside factors that help them realize what is wrong with them or the lifestyle they choose to take part in. According to Preston Bradley, "I don't care how much a man may consider himself a failure, I believe in him, for he can change the thing that is wrong in his life any time he is ready and prepared to do it. Whenever he develops the desire, he can take away from his life the thing that is defeating it. The capacity for reformation and change lies within." Throughout Fahrenheit 451, Montag, a dedicated fireman and book burner, sees pleasure and titillation from burning books and destroying lifetimes of important ideas. When outside influences put confusion in him, he begins a series of changes, eventually becoming a revolutionary in a society where books are valued.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many factors contribute to the changes found in Montag. One of the first influences during the story is the exquisitely observant Clarisse McClellan. She is different from all of the others in society who like to head for a Fun Park to bully people around," or "break windowpanes in the Car Wrecker." She likes to observe people, and she observes Montag, diagnosing him as a "strange...fireman." He is "not like the others" because when she talks, he looks at her, and when she said something about the moon, he looks at it. Clarisse tells Montag that he is different from the other people. He has something inside of him that makes him "put up with" her. Clarisse makes Montag look at himself for the first time when she asks him, "Are you happy?" Montag thinks that she is talking nonsense, but he realizes that he truly is not happy. Something is missing from his life. Looking at his lifestyle, he found that the "only thing that I [Montag] positively knew was gone was the books I'd [he'd] burned in ten or twelve years." Clarisse helped Montag to start to think for himself, instead of letting the society... ...he society outside values books, and by joining it, Montag shows that he is changed from rebel to the ultimate rebel, a soldier of an army that has a strong influential power because of it's attraction to books and their meanings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Fahrenheit 451, Montag, a dedicated fireman and book burner changes character and opinion through the help of influential characters and events, gradually transforming into an individualistic person of the society, a rebellious soldier in an army of readers. Montag first changes when he meets Clarisse, opening his eyes and being able to see his own faults and those of the society. He changes further when he questions himself and thinks about his lifestyle after learning how powerful the meaning in the books are when the woman insists on dying. Montag learns the importance of books in the society when he meets Faber, learning how the meaning in books can be applied to what is happening in society. Killing Beatty shows his change from being a passive reader and spy to an active revolutionary. Finally, Montag's changes are completed when he joins the organization that values books, therefore becoming a soldier of an influential army.

Othello’s Themeland :: Othello essays

Othello’s   Themeland  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Built on a broad base of multiple themes, Othello is one of William Shakespeare’s most popular   tragedies. Let’s sift through the themes and try to rank them in significance.    In the Introduction to The Folger Library General Reader’s Shakespeare, Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar consider the arch-villainy of the ancient to be the most potent theme:    Othello avoids all irrelevancies and the action moves swiftly from the first scene to the denouement. We never get lost in a multiplicity of incidents or a multitude of characters. Our attention remains centered on the arch villainy of Iago and his plot to plant in Othello’s mind a corroding belief in his wife’s faithlessness. (viii)    A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the theme of sexual jealousy in Othello:    But jealousy, and especially sexual jealousy, brings with it a sense of shame and humiliation. For this reason it is generally hidden; if we perceive it we ourselves are ashamed and turn our eyes away; and when it is not hidden it commonly stirs contempt as well as pity. Nor is this all. Such jealousy as Othello’s converts human nature into chaos, and liberates the beast in man; and it does this in relation to one of the most intense and also the most ideal of human feelings. (169)    Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† agrees with Bradley, saying that â€Å"its subject is sexual jealousy, loss of faith in a form which involves the whole personality at the profound point where body meets spirit† (144). Of course, jealousy of a non-sexual nature torments the antagonist, the ancient, to the point that he ruins those around him and himself. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes:    On the contrary, in the â€Å"world† of his philosophy and his imagination, where his spirit lives, there is no cure for passion. He is, behind his mask, as restless as a cage of those cruel and lustful monkeys that he mentions so often. It has been pointed out that he has no intelligible plan for destroying Othello, and he never asks himself what good it will do him to ruin so many people. It is enough for him that he â€Å"hates† the Moor. . . .(133)    Act 1 Scene 1 opens with an expression of jealousy and hatred: Roderigo is upbraiding Iago because of the elopement of the object of his affections –Desdemona -- with the Moor: â€Å"Thou told’st me thou didst hold him in thy hate.

Can We Decrease Homlessness

Hicks 1 August 16, 2012 Can we decrease homelessness? The essay â€Å"A Modest Proposal† by Jonathan Swift is a brutal satire in which he suggests that the poor families should kill their young children and eat them in order to eliminate the growing number of starving citizens. At this time there was extreme poverty and a wide gap between the poor and the rich, the tenements and the landlords. Throughout the essay Swift uses satire and irony as a way to attack the indifference between classes.Swift is not seriously suggesting cannibalism; he is trying to make known the desperate state of the lower class and the need for a social and moral reform. Although this essay was written in the 1700’s we still have the same issues of homelessness and poverty in today’s modern society. Anna Quindlen Pulitzer Prize award winner author of â€Å"Our Tired, Our Poor, Our Kids,† states â€Å"Today the average homeless woman is younger than ever before, many have been in foster care or in shelters herself and so considers a chaotic childhood the norm† (345).Quindlen talks about the cycle of homelessness and poverty three hundred years after swifts essay. Smith goes to extreme measures to explain his new plan to raise the economic wellbeing of his country. He explains â€Å"what age is too young and what age is too old, in order to eat the Hicks 2 tenants children when they are at their prime juiciness. He also gives a list of suggestions on how to cook them. A young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled, and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee, or a ragout. (350-352). Although he suggests to sell and cook the homeless babies. Swift is trying to point out the fact that reforms that would be practical and beneficial to the people are being overlooked for the convenience of the rich. Melanie Scheller author of â€Å"On The Mea ning Of Plumbing And Poverty,† writer for North Carolina Independent Weekly, state’s â€Å"My family was visibly and undeniably poor. My clothes were obviously hand-me-downs, I got free lunches at school, I went to the health depertment for immunizations† (356).Like swift Schellar emphasizes on what being in poverty and homeless is like. â€Å"It is a melancholy object to those who walk through this great town or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads, and cabin doors, crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags and importuning every passenger for an alms. These mothers, instead of being able to work for their honest livelihood, are forced to employ all their time in strolling to beg sustenance for their helpless infants† (349).They are trying to get people to understand that not every homeless person has a way to get out and go find work so they can go find work and provide for their f amilies. Hicks 3 Peter Singer author of â€Å"The Singer solution to world Poverty,† an Australian-born philosopher and bioethicist, states â€Å"poverty, hunger, illness, and lack of shelter, these are the things that plague a majority of the people of the world and yet most of us are not even aware of it† (359).He believes that prosperous people should donate all of the money not needed for the basic requirements of life to organizations meant to help those less fortunate that are homeless and/or in poverty. Life swift he is trying to find a way to help those whom need it. Swift says â€Å"with neither house nor clothes to cover them from the inclemencies of the weather, and the most inevitable prospect of entailing the like or greater miseries upon their breed forever† (353). Both Singer and Swift feel the need to help those less fortunate and want other people to know that they can help.The hole meaning is to try and get people to understand that not everyon e is as well of as them, that not everyone can just go off and get a job so they can provide for their families and that is why they end up in poverty and homeless. Swift says â€Å" I profess in the sincerity of my heart, that I have not the least personal interest in endeavoring to promote this necessary work, having no other motive than the public good of my country, by advancing our trade, providing for infants, relieving the poor, and giving some pleasure to the rich† (353).If Swift was around today I believe he would be a great president for the United States of America and that he would actually make a great difference to those in poverty and homeless. Hicks 4 Works cited Ackley, Katherine Anne. Perspectives on Contemporary issues, 4th ed. Boston: Wadsworth, 2006. Print. Quindlen, Anne. â€Å"Our Tired, Our Poor, Our Kids. † Ackley 344-346. Scheller, Melanie. â€Å"On The meaning Of Plumbing And Poverty. † Ackley 354-357. Singer, Peter. â€Å"The Singer Solution To World Poverty. † Ackley 358-362. Swift , Jonathen. â€Å" A Modest Proposal. † Ackley 348-353.